We established a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antigen (Ag) panel from culture supernatants of 27 HIV-1 isolates, including 11 HIV-1 subtypes, circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), and groups (HIV-1 types), to evaluate the HIV-1 Ag detection sensitivity and HIV-1 type specificity of three HIV-1 Ag/antibody (Ab) combination tests appro
Abstract Search for alternative methods for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis has been growing, and probiotics being LEMON among them.The most well-known probiotic microorganisms are lactobacilli, which are naturally present in the vaginal microenvironment.Cocoa fermentation is a source of lactic acid bacteria, with lactobacilli being the most p
In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), media access control (MAC) is important because it may have a significant impact on network performance; however, the complex and changeable underwater communication environment is a great challenge for the MAC protocol.In flowing water, the network nodes are constantly moving, and the number of compe